what did the atlantic ocean say to the pacific ocean?
Final updated on January 22nd, 2022
The Geography of the Pacific Bounding main
1. Over ane.1 billion years ago, at that place was a supercontinent chosen Rodinia that included the lands we now know as Commonwealth of australia, Antarctica, the Americas, South China, Greenland, Siberia, and Due west Africa. It bankrupt up later on 350 million years which led to the germination of the early Pacific Sea.
2. Land masses and oceans shift continuously considering of plate tectonics. According to scientists, the Pacific Ocean shrinks annually by 0.52 foursquare kilometers. Meanwhile, the Atlantic Sea is increasing in size each twelvemonth.
iii. The Pacific Ocean is the earth'south largest trunk of water. Its borders include the Arctic Ocean to the northward and the continent of Antarctica to the southward. Information technology is bound past Asia and Australia to the west and the Americas to the east.
4. In reality, all of the globe's oceans are connected with each department given its own proper name merely for convenience. The Pacific Bounding main is connected to the Indian Ocean via the Straits of Malacca in the due west and to the Atlantic Bounding main via the Straits of Magellan in the e.
five. The Pacific Ocean covers near a third of the Earth's surface at 165 one thousand thousand square kilometers. It is fifty-fifty bigger than all of the world's state area combined which is only 148 million square kilometers.
6. Its widest section goes from Republic of indonesia to Columbia which is around 19,800 km. This length is roughly five times longer than the moon's diameter and most twice the circumference.
7. The ocean'southward flooring has an average depth of iv,270 meters. This is near the height of the famous Matterhorn in the Alps. The deepest part of the Pacific is in the Mariana Trench. At 10,928m beneath the surface, information technology is also the deepest place on Earth. Mount Everest pales in comparison at only 8,850m loftier.
8. Scientists estimate the total water volume in the Pacific to be nigh 714,000,000 cubic km. That's about half of the world'due south ocean water. The Atlantic Ocean has far less book at simply 310,000,000 cubic km.
ix. There are over 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean with most of these establish below the Equator. The biggest of these is New Republic of guinea which besides happens to be the world's 2nd largest island. The crown is held by Greenland which is in the Northward Atlantic Sea.
10. The aptly named Ring of Fire is a region with hundreds of agile volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. It happens to coincide with the rim of the Pacific Ocean and stretches for 40,000 kilometers. This includes the eastern coasts of the Americas, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and many islands of the western Pacific Ocean.
11. Surface water temperature varies depending on where you are in the Pacific. The coldest sections are most the Antarctic where it tin can go downward to -1.4 degrees Celsius. This also happens to be the freezing indicate of sea h2o. Sheet to the equator and y'all will go around 30 degrees Celsius.
12. The sea is comprised of salt h2o that also changes in salinity depending on where you are. It tends to be saltier in the southeastern region than around the equator. Experts point to the loftier amounts of rain across the center of the body of water equally the main reason for the lower salinity.
13. Scientists say that sea level has been rising at a rate of 10mm per yr over the concluding 20 years. This has resulted in the disappearance of some small uninhabited Pacific islands around the Solomon Archipelago. Bigger inhabited islands are besides losing their coastal lands and forcing people to motility away.
The male monarch tides occur when the Earth, Moon and Sun are aligned at perigee and perihelion, resulting in the largest tidal range seen over the course of a year. And then, tides are enhanced when the Earth is closest to the Sun effectually January of each year. They are reduced when information technology is furthest from the Sun, around July. Image credit – Bonnie Moreland
Human being Discoveries in the Pacific Body of water
14. The offset human settlers in the Pacific came from Africa between 60,000 and 70,000 years ago. They went as far equally New Guinea, the Philippines, and Australia using the ancient country bridges that have since gone under water.
15. It took fourth dimension for humans to develop the earliest sailing technologies. The first seaborne migration in the Pacific happened between 3000-1500 BCE when people from Taiwan went to the Philippines. Afterward on, they also explored Republic of indonesia, Malaysia, Palau, Marianas Islands, and Solomon Islands. Some fifty-fifty sailed as far as Madagascar in Africa.
sixteen. Europeans did not see the Pacific until the 16th century. In 1512, Portuguese explorers Antonio de Abreu and Francisco Serrao entered via the western side en route to Moluccas in Republic of indonesia. In 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa approached from the east and called it Mar del Sur.
17. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan and his Spanish coiffure became the commencement recorded grouping to cross the Pacific as part of their celebrated circumnavigation of the world. Magellan is responsible for naming the waters Mar Pacifico because he was lucky enough to sail in at-home weather.
18. Spain eventually colonized the Philippines and other territories in the Pacific. They established 1 of the longest trading routes in history called the Manila Galleons. The ships sailed to Acapulco via the northern side of Pacific Ocean twice a year. They carried spices, porcelain, and other luxury goods.
19. From the 16th to the 20th centuries, imperialist countries competed for ability in the Pacific. These included Kingdom of spain, Portugal, Great britain, French republic, Japan, and the The states. Nearly of their colonies take since declared independence.
twenty. Early on maps reverberate the era's level of knowledge about the Pacific. In 1507, Martin Waldseemuller was the start to illustrate that the Americas were betwixt two oceans. In 1529, Diogo Ribeiro was the offset to bear witness the Pacific's proper size. In 1589, Abraham Ortelius came upward with the kickoff printed map that was dedicated to the Pacific Bounding main.
Modernistic Scientific Explorations
21. The English biologist Charles Darwin boarded the survey ship HMS Beagle in the 1830s. It sailed around the world including the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific where he fabricated many of the observations that led to the theory of development.
22. By the 1870s, Darwin'south theories were already considered every bit fact past the greater scientific community. More scientific explorations were launched including the starting time global marine enquiry of the HMS Challenger. The lowest part of the Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep, was named after the transport.
23. Around the aforementioned time, the old warship USS Tuscarora was converted into a survey ship that was ordered to accept soundings of the sea floor in the Pacific. It discovered the depths of the Aleutian Trench and the Japan Trench.
24. In 1960, Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard became the offset humans to dive into the bottom of the Mariana Trench aboard the bathyscape Trieste. Jacques is the son of the vessel's designer Auguste Piccard.
25. In 1977, scientists fabricated the start straight observations of hydrothermal vents around the Galapagos Rift. These are cracks on the seafloor virtually active volcanoes that discharge hot h2o. Scientists also found entire ecosystems that thrive in these extreme environments. Organisms such as shrimp, clams, and giant tube worms feed on bacteria and archaea.
26. In 2020, Walsh's son Kelly besides made the dive at the age of 52, 60 years afterwards the initial journey. His group used a 12-ton ii-passenger submersible called Limiting Gene to survey the depths and its inhabitants.
27. Japanese scientists have revived microbes that have been around for over 100,000,000 years. These were found dormant in the South Pacific seabed in a low nutrient environment. Subsequently incubation, the tiny organisms started to eat food and multiply. Lead scientist Yuki Morono said that the results demonstrate that the concept of a lifespan may not apply to simple living things.
28. Economically motivated explorations are plenty merely mineral extraction is difficult to perform in the Pacific Sea because of its depths. In shallower areas, companies are able to tap into reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Pearls are as well obtained in great quantities although there are far less of them now. Fishing is also a massive industry but uncontrolled activities are destroying ecosystems.
Radioactive waste in the Pacific
29. The Pacific is a mutual crash site for satellites. Amid those that take fallen to the ocean are the Fobos-Grunt, the Mars 96, and the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Re-entry into the Earth's tends to burn down upwardly much of these objects but some debris tin remain. These may comprise toxic fuel such as plutonium, hydrazine, and nitrogen tetroxide.
30. From 1946 to 1958, the U.s. conducted nuclear testing at the Pacific Sea for their weapons development program. Many of these occurred in the Marshall Islands and resulted in considerable nuclear fallout. The Radiation Exposure Bounty Human action of 1990 provided $759 million in compensation to the affected residents.
31. There are also lost nuclear weapons in the sea due to accidents. For example, a U.s. Navy A-4 attack aircraft brutal off the side of a carrier during training in 1965 on the waters near Japan. After 24 years, it was revealed that the shipping was carrying a one megaton hydrogen bomb.
32. In 2011, a strong earthquake and tsunami led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Loss of cooling capacity resulted in nuclear meltdowns, hydrogen explosion, and water contamination. Over 154,000 residents were evacuated to safety. About fourscore% of the radioactive materials discharged into the temper made their way to the Pacific Ocean.
33. By 2021, the Fukushima nuclear found has clustered 1.25 meg tons of waste material water. These are stored inside tanks on the property and space is running out. The Japanese government canonical the dumping of this water into the Pacific Ocean over a 30-year flow.
Pollution in the Pacific Ocean
34. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch tin can be found between California and Japan. It covers an area that is 3 times the size of France and growing. Most items small bits of plastic that came from diverse countries and gathered there due to swirling currents.
35. The Un Ocean Conference estimates that the weight of plastics will be greater than the weight of fishes in the oceans by 2050. These plastics are killing marine life by trapping them in ghost nets, blocking their digestive tracts, and interfering with their respiration. Some of them are washing up dead on beaches.
36. In 2019, an organization called Ocean Cleanup has poured $32 one thousand thousand into mitigating the Neat Pacific Garbage Patch. They are using a behemothic passive floating trash collector that is two,000 feet long. It is equipped with cameras, lights, and other anti-standoff measures. The collector is periodically emptied with the garbage taken to California for processing.
37. Others, such as the California Littoral Commission, insist that beach cleanup is the better approach equally it prevents trash from washing away into the oceans. Cleanups collect 1 million pounds of trash annually from California beaches and a total of over 20 million pounds of trash from 100 countries.
38. Dr. Kathy Sullivan, a former astronaut, joined an trek of the Mariana Trench in 2020. She said part of the grouping'southward discoveries is the presence of rubbish in the deepest parts of the ocean. These include fiber optic cables and fizzy drinkable cans.
39. Some of the ocean pollutants are harsh chemicals that tin deplete oxygen in the water. This has a negative impact on marine life respiration, especially on big fishes such every bit sharks, marlin, and tuna. Information technology can pb to hypoxia and expressionless zones.
40. When fishes, venereal, shrimps, and other marine life ingest plastics, the trash affects the food concatenation including tiptop ocean predators and humans who eat them. A common chemical compound found in plastics called BPA is known to reduce male fertility and increment the risk of chest cancer.
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Source: https://thefactfile.org/pacific-ocean-facts/
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